Intimacy and relationship in Parkinson's disease

Showing and receiving affection is an important part of life for every person, and maintaining a close and intimate relationship is a valuable support. The intimacy between partners can take many forms, and may include hugs, cuddles, loving words and gestures, or physical love making. However, changes can occur in any kind of relationship, and a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) often brings forward questions and concerns regarding relationships and intimacy.

In some cases, PD may alter the way in which a person feels about themselves, and may therefore make them feel less inclined towards physical closeness, including sexual activity. Whatever these concerns, the key factor is that they should be discussed. Partners should try to talk openly with each other about worries or feelings, as this can reduce tension, may resolve some concerns, and can also help to maintain closeness between a couple. In addition, people with PD should not be shy to ask for advice about relationship/sexual problems from medical professionals, PD organizations or counseling services. Many PD organizations also run help lines that offer confidential advice on all matters relating to people with PD and their partners.

One frequent concern, that is not always raised, is ‘How does PD affect sexual activity?’ – an issue that is relevant to people within stable relationships as well as sexually active individuals without a regular partner. As PD has many different forms and effects, there is no universal answer to this question – some people find that PD has little influence on their physical relationship, while others find that they need to seek help and advice. In general, PD may affect sexual function in two ways:

  • physical effects (e.g., effects on orgasm, erection or sexual drive) caused by altered flexibility/movement or increased tiredness. In addition, PD medications may cause side effects in some people, which can impact on sexual function and/or sexual drive. A doctor or physiotherapist will be able to advise on ways to manage these changes and, in some countries, medications may be prescribed that help resolve erection difficulties. Therefore, it is important to mention any noticeable sexual changes to a doctor.
  • psychological effects such as depression, stress or anxiety which can, in some cases, alter the sexual response, or reduce the desire for sex/close contact. It can be a vicious circle, as sometimes the stress/anxiety may be about sex itself. Again, these concerns should be discussed fully between partners, and also with a doctor or other member of the multidisciplinary team.

If a person with PD and/or their partner wish to take advantage of professional support, then a doctor or PD nurse will be able to recommend a counselor, physical/psychological therapist or sex therapist. At times, it can be difficult to talk about such personal issues, but loving, strong relationships are a vital part of living a fulfilling life with PD, and any difficulties should be addressed as a priority.